Qualifications for penalty exemptions include being a victim of domestic violence or having a religious opposition to insurance. There's an exemption for those who spent most of the year in another country, had an immediate family member die, or were caring for an ill or aging relative. Taxpayers can even get a pass if their utilities were shut off, if they were the victim of a natural disaster, being homeless or in jail, declaring bankruptcy, getting evicted, or having steep medical debt.
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