By Mike Stobbe, AP Medical Writer

NEW YORK (AP) — Don't count on smartphone health apps in an emergency: A review shows many don't warn when you're in danger.

The study published Monday in the journal Health Affairs found problems even with apps considered to be among the highest-quality offerings on the market.

There's been a proliferation of health apps for mobile phones. According to the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics, there are more than 165,000 health apps out there.

"The state of health apps is even worse than we thought," said Dr. James Madara, chief executive of the American Medical Association, who was not involved in the study.

This wasn't a survey of step-counting fitness apps. The research team reviewed 137 apps designed for patients with serious ongoing health problems, including asthma, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and depression.

The health apps, for example, help those with diabetes track and record every blood sugar reading and insulin injection. One invites users to photograph their moles, and offers analysis on whether they are changing in a way that signals skin cancer.

The study suggests that, though some apps are good, there are problems.

Perhaps most concerning was what happened when doctor reviewers entered information that should have drawn warnings from the app — like selecting "yes" when the app asked if the user was feeling suicidal, or entering extremely abnormal levels for blood sugar levels.

Only 28 of 121 apps responded appropriately to such red-flag information, researchers said.

Health apps "should have some common-sense standards" said lead author Dr. Karandeep Singh, a University of Michigan internist. "The vast majority of apps do not have any kind of response."

Another issue is the safeguarding of medical privacy. While patients commonly enter health information into apps, a lot of the information is shared through insecure methods like text message or emailing, the researchers said.

The reviewed apps came from Apple iTunes and Google Play app stores — most of them free. Each app was reviewed by a doctor and a tech expert. The researchers named most of the apps but didn't publish their reviews. Instead, they shared them with the app companies.

Singh said they were interested in "identifying gaps that need to be filled" instead of naming winners and losers. Overall, the industry needs to do more work to improve safety and privacy, he said. And patients need to go beyond consumer ratings on websites before depending on apps to make crucial decisions about their health.

Health apps face a limited amount of regulation. For example, the Food and Drug Administration does not require premarket review for most apps, though it can require a developer to remove apps under certain circumstances.

The AMA's Madara said the doctors organization has been working with others to form a group to look at health apps and standards. "It's the Wild West out there," he said.

To Learn More:

Many Mobile Health Apps Target High-Need, High-Cost Populations, But Gaps Remain (by Karandeep Singh, Kaitlin Drouin, Lisa P. Newmark, JaeHo Lee, Arild Faxvaag, Ronen Rozenblum, Erika A. Pabo, Adam Landman, Elissa Klinger and David W. Bates, Health Affairs) (abstract)

After 7 Years, U.S. Health Agency at Loss for Extending Patient Privacy Law to Booming Health Tech Industry (by Charles Ornstein, ProPublica)

Congress Wakes up to Phone Apps that Track Your Life (by Noel Brinkerhoff, AllGov)

Patients Not Allowed Access to Data Collected by Implants in their Bodies (by Noel Brinkerhoff, AllGov)