While it may not quite reach the level of biological imperative, men do feel a physiological need to see their candidate win the presidency. The results of the 2008 election caused men who voted for Republican John McCain to experience a loss of testosterone, while their male counterparts supporting Democrat Barack Obama did not. According to data analyzed by researchers at Duke University and the University of Michigan, “male voters exhibit biological responses to the realignment of a country’s dominance hierarchy as if they participated in an interpersonal dominance contest.”